Economic History
Meiji Restoration: Summary, Causes & Consequences
The Meiji Restoration was the process that began with a challenge to Tokugawa rule and ended with Japan’s rise as an industrial imperial power.
Biography of Camillo Cavour (1810-1861): Italian Unification and Realpolitik
Camillo Cavour was the pragmatic Piedmontese statesman whose diplomacy, economic modernization, and alliances helped make Italian unification possible.
Indigenous Slavery in Brazil: Motives, Obstacles, and Laws
Indigenous labor was widely used in the early stages of Brazil’s colonization and persisted in various regions even after successive laws prohibited it.
The History of Fordism and Post-Fordism
Fordism was a rigid production system introduced in 1914, and Post-Fordism is a flexible production system that has prevailed since the 1970s.
Brazilian Economy Under the Kubitschek Administration
The JK government industrialized Brazil quickly, but debt, inflation, and regional inequality left a difficult legacy.
Brazilian Economy in the Café Filho Administration
Café Filho’s government moved from orthodox contraction to credit expansion while easing capital-goods imports.
Brazilian Economy During the Second Vargas Administration (1951-1954)
Vargas’s second administration combined development policy with inflation, fiscal strain, and foreign-exchange crisis.
Brazilian Economy in the Dutra Administration
The Dutra administration moved from orthodox trade liberalism to heterodox protectionism as inflation and currency pressures grew.
Brazilian Economy in the Vargas Era (1930-1945)
The Vargas Era began during the Great Depression and promoted intensive industrial growth in Brazil.
Brazilian Economy in the First Republic
During the First Republic, Brazil experienced significant economic transformations but remained dependent on coffee exports.
Brazilian Economy in the Empire: Regional Highlights
From 1822 until 1889, Brazil’s economy was characterized by great regional diversity: agriculture, mining, and industries.
Brazilian Economy in the Colonial Period
The economy of Colonial Brazil was characterized by the predominance of sugar and mining, along with some other less relevant activities.